Emil Frankel, a former U.S. assistant secretary for transportation policy, joins the podcast to break down the Israel-Hamas war in understandable terms.
With host Lynn Schmidt, columnist and St. Louis Post-Dispatch editorial board member, he also discusses greater threats to democracy here and abroad. The two ex-Republicans also laud President Joe Biden for his foreign policy accomplishments.
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